Chapter Two · Vowels in Detail
The Problematic o · The Neutral Sound /ʌ/
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The Problematic o · Continued
Here is a quote by Helen Keller which contains fourteen different words spelled with the letter o and has all three different vowel pronunciations. You will hear the quote twice. First, just listen. The second time you hear it, you’ll have a chance to repeat:
When one door of happiness closes, another opens; but often we look so long at the closed door that we do not see the one which has opened for us.
— Helen Keller
这一段继续说明字母 o 的复杂性。
同样是字母 o,在不同词里可能读成不同的元音。
比如这句话里有 one, door, closes, another, opens, often, look, long, closed, do, not 等很多带 o 的词,但它们的发音并不一样。
这一页的核心不是让你背规则,而是让你意识到:
英文拼写和发音不是一一对应。
尤其是字母 o,必须通过高频词分类来记。
The Neutral Sound /ʌ/
First, let’s look at the most problematic sound with an o spelling. It’s the neutral sound /ʌ/, as in love, other, and Monday, which non-native speakers frequently mispronounce as lav, ather, and Mahn day.
The wrong pronunciation occurs because the /ʌ/ sound doesn’t exist in some languages and also because learners are used to this sound usually being spelled with the letter u as in up, fun, and Sunday. You will improve your American accent if you simply memorize some very common words with the /ʌ/ sound that are spelled with an o, ou, or even sometimes oo. Start by studying the pronunciation exceptions in the chart below.
这一节讲的是:有些单词虽然拼写里是 o,但实际读的是 /ʌ/。
比如 love、other、Monday。
这些词不能按字母 o 的常规感觉去读,而要直接记住它们属于 /ʌ/ 这一组。
很多学习者会以为 /ʌ/ 通常由字母 u 表示,比如 up, fun, Sunday。
所以看到 love, come, mother, month 这类带 o 的词时,会本能地读错。
书里建议:这些高频例外最好直接背下来。
/ʌ/ 是一个放松、居中的短元音。
嘴巴不要张太大,也不要圆唇。
它不是 /ɑ/,也不是 /oʊ/。
Memorizing the Exceptions
Words spelled with o but pronounced as /ʌ/
| above | done | money | once | somewhere |
| another | dove | month | one | son |
| brother | from | mother | other | ton |
| color | gonna | none | oven | tongue |
| cover | love | nothing | some | won |
| come | Monday | of | something | wonderful |
| does |
这些都是非常常见的高频词。
它们拼写里有 o,但读音不是 /oʊ/,也不是 /ɑ/,而是 /ʌ/。
比如 love、come、some、mother、brother、money。
可以先按组记:
come / some / done / none
love / above / cover
mother / brother / other / another
one / once / won
money / Monday / month
one 不是 /oʊn/,而是接近 /wʌn/。
love 不是 /loʊv/。
come 不是 /koʊm/。
这些词最好不要用拼写推发音,而是直接当作例外词记住。
Words spelled with ou and pronounced as /ʌ/
| double | couple | Douglas | enough | rough |
| country | tough | cousin | touch | southern |
这些词拼写是 ou,但并不读 /aʊ/。
比如 enough、rough、tough、country、cousin 都读 /ʌ/。
house, down, around 里的 ou 读 /aʊ/。
但 enough, rough, tough, country 里的 ou 读 /ʌ/。
所以 ou 不能只记一种读法。
Words spelled with oo and pronounced as /ʌ/
| blood | flood |
blood 和 flood 是非常典型的例外。
虽然拼写是 oo,但不读 /u/,也不读 /ʊ/,而是读 /ʌ/。
food 是 /u/,
good 是 /ʊ/,
但 blood 是 /ʌ/。
所以 oo 也不是固定一种读法。
Words spelled with a and pronounced as /ʌ/
| what | was |
这两个词也很常见:what 和 was。
它们虽然写的是 a,但在美式英语里常读成接近 /ʌ/ 的音。
这一页的核心是:
/ʌ/ 不只出现在字母 u 中。
很多带 o、ou、oo、甚至 a 的高频词,也会读成 /ʌ/。
这些词建议直接按发音分类记忆。